Nipah virus
is a zoonotic pathogen
that are transmitted from animals to humans. These are usually occurred by
pteropid bats and microbats of several species. This spread directly when in
close contact with humans to humans or with the contact in the human secretion
or excretion.
Sometimes the
infection can spread to humans without any symptoms however when the case is
severe it may show through an influenza
such as fever, sore throat, myalgia and vomiting. As the severity of the
disease increase this may progress to the breathing problem, respiratory
infection, fatal encephalitis which may cause inflammation in the tissue.
Altered consciousness, dizziness, drowsiness are the other symptoms identified.
In some extreme cases seizures and encephalitis occur.
This
infection could be diagnosed only by laboratory testing of throat and nasal
swabs, blood test, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, virus isolation and detection,
urine test.
This virus
and its effects could be avoided by some of the basic practices such as being
in close or unprotected contact with the infected people. Keeping the
environment hygiene and washing hand with soap. Should not consume partly eaten
fruit or unpasteurised fruit juices.
At present
there is no vaccine or drug available for the eradication of this virus for
both humans and animals. Intensive supportive care is given as the primary
treatment for the disease by focusing on the management of fever and neurological
symptoms if any. Even after full recovery people are expected to survive an acute encephalitis. The
victims can also show long term neurological conditions like seizure disorder.